How and When to Control Paper Wasps

Though paper wasps are beneficial insects, they tend to nest in close proximity to people, putting us at risk for stings. In some cases, it may be necessary to control paper wasps to minimize such risk. What Are Paper Wasps? Paper wasps construct the familiar, open-celled paper nests we often see suspended from eaves or porch ceilings. Most paper wasps  in North America belong to the genus Polistes. Although their tendency to sting in defense of their nests can be of concern, these wasps do serve an important ecological purpose as predators of other insects. They collect caterpillars, beetle larvae, and other insect prey to feed their young. Dont be too quick to get rid of a paper wasp colony if it isnt causing a problem.   Each year, the paper wasp queen must build a new nest, which she does by masticating wood fibers into a pliable pulp. After she raises her first generation of eggs, these offspring will assume the role of construction workers, expanding the nest to meet the needs of the growing colony. By summer, the paper wasp nest can be quite large, reaching a width of 6–8 inches. In fall, freezing temperatures will kill all but the queen, who seeks shelter and hibernates for the winter. The nest degrades over winter and is rarely reused the next year. As with any insect, its important to identify it before determining how and when control is necessary. Be sure you know the differences between wasps, yellowjackets, and hornets before taking action. Do Paper Wasps Sting? Paper wasps can and will sting in defense of their nest or when threatened. Unlike honeybees, which have barbed stings and can sting only once, paper wasps can sting multiple times. A paper wasp can call other colony members using alarm pheromones, chemical messages that tell other wasps to help defend the nest from a threat. Try to stay calm and avoid swatting at paper wasps. Consider Coexisting Peacefully Before you do anything to get rid of paper wasps around your home, ask yourself if you can tolerate their presence. Paper wasps help keep hungry caterpillars and other plant pests in check, benefiting your landscape and garden. If a paper wasp nest is located on your property but away from high-use areas, consider leaving it alone. Although they do sting, they do so only in response to a threat. Humans and paper wasps can often coexist peacefully. Obviously, when someone in your household has a wasp venom allergy, you may need to remove any nests to minimize the risk of an allergic reaction to a sting. Use Caution Around Wasp Nests If a nest is located near an entrance to your home or by a porch or deck where you spend a lot of time, you may need to take action to control paper wasps. Check eaves, shutters, and other high-traffic areas in your yard early in the spring, when paper wasp queens are first building their nests. If you find one early in the spring, before the first generation of workers has reached adulthood, you can simply knock the nest down with a broom to discourage the queen from nesting in that location. Larger nests, or those found later in the season, should be handled cautiously. Never attempt to remove an active wasp nest during the day, when the insects are actively flying in and out of the nest. Wait until evening, when the paper wasps have settled in for the night, to treat or remove any nest. During periods of cool weather, you may be able to treat wasp nests, as the insects become lethargic when temperatures dip down to 50 F or lower. Advice on Using Sprays Chemical pesticides should be used as a control method of last resort for any insect pest. In this case, the safest method of eradicating paper wasps in a problem area is, indeed, with a commercial wasp spray. Look for a product labeled for use on wasps and hornets, and remember, the label is the law. You must read the label and follow all directions for using any pesticide product. Wasp sprays usually come with a propellant that allows you to spray the pesticide from a safe distance. Coat the nest in the pesticide, covering all the cells of the nest. Never stand directly below a paper wasp nest while applying the pesticide. Wasps may drop from the nest, and you also risk getting the chemical in your eyes or on your skin. Check the nest the next day for any signs of wasp activity. Before you remove a nest, you must be sure that no workers survived the pesticide application. Wasp sprays kill on contact. Wasps that were absent from the nest at the time you sprayed may return to the nest site. If you dont observe live wasps near the nest, use a broom or other long-handled tool to knock it down. Dispose of the nest by putting it in a sealed baggie and placing it in your household trash. Sources Cranshaw, Whitney. Garden Insects of North America.North Carolina Cooperative Extension. Controlling Paper Wasps In And Around Structures.University of Minnesota Extension.  Wasp and Bee Control.

Police Brutality Has Become One Of The Most Serious Essay

Over the past few year’s police brutality has become one of the most serious, debated, and controversial topics in America. In general, when most people think of the police they think of them as support that they can call when in distress, or as officers patrolling communities in a pursuit to keep the streets safe from drunk drivers, speeders, law breakers, and other threats to the public. But, enforcer of the law is only one perspective in which police officers are portrayed. The perception of police varies on multiple aspects such as the individual’s race, past relationships with the law, ties to gangs, the society or community in which the individual resides, social standings, criminal record, the list goes on and on. No matter ones view on the police it is safe to say they are not only extremely hated and stereotyped but they also have one of the most dangerous professions. It is my goal to be the defense for the police and to bring to light the dangers that they deal with on a daily basis while promising to protect and serve our communities, how threats police face influence the split second decisions they make in day to day situations, and how critiquing criminal justice management on police departments requirements may help set an even standard of what is expected of police officers across all county, city, and state police. I believe that this will help weed out a big majority of the corrupt officers that make the majority of them seem untrustworthy to the societyShow MoreRelatedEssay 21110 Words   |  5 PagesChristian Heisler ENG-103(Argument Essay) Police Brutality has become a serious topic in today’s time being that every time you turn on the TV you see them mention another act of violence from the police and since that were in 2015, cellphone cameras are being used to capture every single second of it, so it won’t become he say, she say evidence. According to Salem Press Encyclopedia, police brutality is abuses of authority that amount to serious and divisive human rights violations involvingRead MoreA Report On Police Brutality1367 Words   |  6 PagesStudent Name Instructor Date Course Police Brutality There is various forms of human rights violation currently in the United States, however; Police abuse remains the most serious of them all. Police brutality is, therefore, the use of excessive force or even unnecessary force by the police while they are dealing with civilians. People are left wondering if the police are doing the jobs they were appointed to do under the law. They act in ways such as the use of guns and pepper sprays to intimidateRead MorePolice Brutality Research Paper1367 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 111 December 5, 2011 Police brutality Police brutality is one of the most serious and divisive human rights violations in the United States and it occurs in every community. The job of a police officer is to maintain public order, prevent, and detect crime. They are engaged in a dangerous and stressful occupation that can involve violent situations that must be controlled. In many of these confrontations with the public it may become necessary for the police to administer force to take controlRead MoreRacism And White Privilege Enforcement Essay1292 Words   |  6 PagesPolice officers, who were once referred to as peace keepers, are now more law enforcement officers. Police agencies around the United States seem to be stuck more on quotas and creating revenue for their county or city. Making many officers strive for many unnecessary arrests. Which as a following result has brought up a lot of tension between the police and their citizens. With increasing violence in cities and states; police officers methods have slow ly become more aggressive, bringing a rise inRead MorePolice Brutality, Technology, And Abortion1172 Words   |  5 Pages Social Development The Society is constantly developing and changing, but the progress in development has changed for the worse. The society should be a major focus ,and people should try to find ways to better the community. Social Development attempts to explain quality changes in the structure and framework of society, that helps the society to better realize aims and objectives. Development is a process of social change, not a set of policies and programs instituted forRead MoreThe Reality Of Police Brutality1473 Words   |  6 PagesThe Reality of Police Brutality: What it Means for Chicago Ever since the case of Trayvon Martin being shot in 2013, dozens and dozens of cases of injustice have been brought up to the eyes of the media and the law. Lately, the majority of those cases have been about police brutality, and it’s taken such a strong effect on the public that movements have been born out of it, such as the BlackLivesMatter movement. The situation has reached a point to where President Obama stepped out and addressedRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality in the United States has escalated in recent times. To develop a peaceful environment amongst human beings, one of the main topics to look at is human rights. While more often than not, police brutality violates the concept of human rights it is still a very important task to discuss the topic and create possible solutions to such a concerning and threatening issues in the United States. In this case, statistics is a very important factor that is required to display how serious ofRead MorePolice Brutality Is Not A New Occurrence930 Words   |  4 Pageswhen someone says the word â€Å"police† they will picture a clean cut officer in uniform serving to protect their community from harm. However, there are a number of people who will instead picture a monster wielding a firearm and a Taser, ready to strike down anyone who doesn’t obey. This image is one that has been fashioned by police brutality. Police brutality is defined as the use of excessive and/or unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians. Police brutality can also take the form ofRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States1286 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality continues to be one of the most serious and contentious violations of human rights in the United States. The unreasonable amount of force used by police officers prevails because of a lack of accountability. This makes it feasible for officers who do violate human rights to get off clean and recommit the violation. A sad fact is that police and/or public officials deny time after time any claims of human rights violations, claiming it was an abnormality, when they should be takingRead MorePolice Brutality Argument Paper1056 Words   |  5 PagesPolice work is a dangerous job, and police are more than likely to be put into situations when excessive force is needed.  But, sometimes police use excessive force for their own personal reasons, such as, racism. The issue of police officers using excessive force may or may not be of great concern, but it should be looked into by both the police and the public. Because some officers use excessive force in situations when it is not needed, police brutality should be addressed. Some may feel as if

Bessington Trading and Sons Organization Change Process

Question: Discuss about the Bessington Trading and Sons for Organization Change Process. Answer: Introduction: First, lack of adequate and proper information is the leading cause of malfunction and underperformance in the company. Failing to disclose accurate information to the employees at the right time can lead to failing to achieve the companys objectives. Secondly, Critical decisions should not be made at the top hierarchy of the organization. The decisions ought to be deliberate at the departmental level and involve the subordinate and middle staff. Thirdly, the employees and departmental teams should be treated as organizational an asset. Therefore, the change process should involve the whole organization as a whole and not a few individuals. Fourthly, a successful company when faced with the need for change should develop and open communication network. Open communication would help in building faith and confidence among the employees at all levels of management. Fifthly, People will only support a system or process which they are part of. Therefore everybody who will be affected by t he change should be involved in its development and implementation. Sixthly, the goals and objectives of facilitating change are to remove/ reduce unnecessary competition expected between departments. Therefore, there is the need for collaboration for effective change management. What is happening between growth and change in BTS Bessington Trading Sons (BTS) is a good definition of a centralized leadership structure since it is led by more than one leader. One problem with this structure is that raise of confusion. One leader might choose to overrule the directives given by another. This might be a major setback, especially when making important decisions such as change processes. Conversely, different members can have conflicting interests in the running of the organization (Malhotra Hinings, 2015, p. 4). For instance, both Tommy and Khadija are pushing for the inclusion of designer clothing in the companys products portfolio. The Board of Directors is opposed to the proposal. According to the board, introducing this product would be contrary to the BTS vision, strategy, goals, and objectives (Gibbons, 2015, p.43). The attempt by the two leaders (Tommy and Khadija) to enter new foreign markets might force some managers and board members who feel demotivated to quit. When top management leave in additional to the stiff competition in the industry, BTS productivity and profitability will be diversely affected. The two leaders are only considering the market situation and the future trend while ignoring the companys performance records to push their growth agenda (Burke, 2013, p. 33). The best approach should be basing the push for growth on the companys vision, past performance, and present position. This would help in setting future goals instead of just relying on market and industry factors. As a company grow, there are expected changes on its business processes and practices which brings about new challenges (Whitehead, 2014, p. 98). The growth in the size of BTS the over time has brought about several problems and challenges. For instance, the companys top leadership has changed from a flexible to a rigid leadership structure. The problem with the latter is that it ignores the views of other managers hence affecting the overall aim of proposed changes. At the conception of the BTS, the management should communicate frequently though informally with the employees. The George Bessington was entrepreneurially and technically focused (Investments, 2017, p. 45). He would provide better salaries and wages to the employees. However, as the company grew in size, communication with the employees became formal. As time passed by the leadership style became more directive while new departments such as marketing units, stock management, finance department and production units were established (Malhotra Hinings, 2015, p. 45). Organizational growth and changes occurred in a revolutionary pattern. The ideas about growth and c hange in an organization are shared by both Larry Greiner and Malhotra Hinings. The top management at BTS should realize the concept that growth and change goes hand in hand. All the employees should be prepared on the expected changes as the company grows in size and market share. The attempt to make decisions at the top management level and impose them of the employees would amount to resistance (Knights Willmott, 2012, p. 53). Change would not be forced on the employees, rather they should be involved in its development and implementation phases. Lastly, change cannot be implemented within a short time frame, its a revolutionary process. Both Tommy and Khadija should involve all the stakeholders within the organization in deliberating on the proposed changed. The views of different teams and groups should be collected and considered. Likewise, each team should be presented in the decision making process as far as organizational change and growth is concerned (Palmer, et al., 2015, p. 54). The case study shows that some board members are supporting streamlining the organizational by reducing it. Reshuffling of the companys structure would ensure that the revolutionary change pattern is achieved. According to Gersick, systems deep structure is defined as a basic configurations which helps a company to develop its resources, units, and activities. Systems deep structure helps the company to adapt to its macro environment. It also determine whether the changes will be implemented successfully or not. Gersick posits that a companys structure should be adjusted and disintegrated for the success of revolutionary change pattern to occur (Gulati, et al., 2015, p. 10). Deep structure leads to stable organizational behavioral change and it follows the evolutionary model. This structure is the determinant of unnoticeable, unidentifiable and implicit changes in the organization because of its composite interaction with the system elements and relationships among different individual in a company. Deep structures provides many options on favorable and unfavorable factors that are likely to affect a companys growth in the long run (Reynolds, 2015, p. 22). Therefore, this structure model is suitable because it promotes continuity and sustainability of an organization. Lastly, deep structures ensures comprehensiveness of a companys system because there is an option of sharing feedback among groups, teams and individuals (Hayes, 2014, p. 41). Furthermore, deep structures comprises of companys culture, structure, control system, distribution of power, and strategy. The issues facing BTS Company are similar to those described by Gersick. To achieve the proposed changes, the company must disintegrate its structure as well as streamline its workforce (Hayes, 2014, p. 61). Likewise, power distribution at BTS is consistent. Other decisions are made by the top managements, their execution are done in a hierarchical manner. Each management level have specified duties to perform. The leadership strategy is also consistent; decision applied at the company are made by the top management. The management has placed emphasize on increasing its market share in the foreign markets by extending the product depth and adding value to the existing products Parish, et al., 2008, p. 34). Besides, the companys structure and culture have been consistent over time. Although the structure is complex considering the large workforce, it is well organized in line with the ideas of George (its founder). The company believes in providing quality products at affordable prices to the customers. The employees are well motivated using appealing compensation benefits (Gulati, et al., 2015, p. 101). To promote positive a relationship with the consumers and investors, the company have put in place good customer services in place. The company enjoys long-term sustainability which is rooted in its good culture and well-organized structure. This is in line with the deep structures as proposed by Gersick. Lastly, the available information on the company shows consistency with Gersicks description of the deep structures. The proposed approaches to change by the top management, i.e. expanding into the foreign markets, may affect the BTS continuity. The views of some board members who opposed the adopted changes were ignored. The move endangers the continuity of the company. The affected board members, managers and employees will be demoralized (Mestrich, 2014). This may lead to losing talented workforce to competitive. Additionally, the employees turnover is likely to increase affecting the companys productivity, profitability and continuity. The information on BTS Company has shown consistency with Gersick description of deep structures (Gulati, et al., 2015, p. 71). How and why narratives and storytelling was useful to the company Narrative and storytelling are important to a companys progress in different ways. Some of the benefits of storytelling to a company are; first, it assists in managing the companys behaviour, business ethics and actions. Second, storytelling is used as a mechanism for strengthening favourable behaviours in the company (Dailey Browning, 2014, p. 22). Third, it guides the managers and leaders on the best action to take when dealing with suppliers, customers, retailers and competitors as well as different environments. Conversely, storytelling can be applied by the company on its reward system with an aim of controlling the actions and policies set by the managers to maintain good reputation. Lastly, BTS Company can apply storytelling in convincing the resistant stakeholders on the importance of the proposed changes. Sometimes stakeholders lack adequate information of the change process. Through storytelling, such stakeholders can be convinced to support the implementation of the chang es (Dailey Browning, 2014, p. 26). Narratives are also important in business operations and can be used to benefit the BTS Company. Narratives will help BTS to differentiate itself in the market and industry. For example, it help to distinguish the companys culture, competence, and products from those of the competitors. Through narratives, the company can create a unique brand identity which is a competitive advantages in the market. Many consumers would to identify themselves with an outstanding brand. Additionally, narratives can be applied integrate the company with other in the industry (Dailey Browning, 2014, pp. 33-4). This will ensure that most people talk about the company and its products. Through narratives, the employees become motivated from the narratives they hear from the external parties about the organization. Customers are proud when customers, suppliers, other firms have a positive story to tell about their employer. Lastly, narratives would improve BTS stability which supports the implementation of the proposed changes. By gathering the information on what the stakeholders think about the changes, the company would be in a position to choose the right path. Such tales can be used to establish the required modifications required to promote survival and growth while eliminating negative perception that the public hold on the Company (Gibbons, 2015, p. 112). Collaborative Mode of Intervening In the case of BTS, the favorable intervening approach is theorizing. Theorizing approach ensures that theoretical models are identified and presented to a company by the change agents. In most cases the models presented are relevant to the problems facing a company. Theorizing approach also guides a company on the best way of utilizing the proposed models to understand the problem through cause and effect analysis. Through this mode of intervening, the company can identify the best course of action to apply that would ensure positive results (Laloux Wilber, 2014, p. 33). Another mode of intervening that can be used in the case of BTS is supportive approach. Under this approach, change agents collaborate with other stakeholders. Change agents allow other employees to express their views and opinion on the proposed changes. Through supportive approach both the opportunities and challenges presented by changes are identified through teamwork (Palmer, et al., 2015, p. 43). For instance, both the top management and employees of BTS will have a platform where they air their views and worries about the organizational changes. The BTS board of director is divided on either to support or oppose the changes. Supportive approach is applicable because it provides an objective way of thinking about the problem (Malhotra Hinings, 2015, p. 51). Information-gathering technique can be used by the top management as well to handle this situation. Using this approach, the concerned part gathers data which is then applied to evaluate and appraise the problematic issue. After the cause of problem has been identified, the agent of change should then help the company to find the best resolution to the problem. In the case of BTS the change agents are Modjo, his children, Tommy and Khadija, and the board members (Kotter, 2012, p. 9). For the case of BTS, the most appropriate typology of change is anticipatory. The company can use this typology of change for a re-orientation approach. It is a transformational change that deviates from the previously used patterns for the companys growth and development. The anticipatory discontinuous change applies the current organizational relationships and the industrial forces that might affect the companys focuses and competencies (Hayes, 2014, p. 105). Conversely, it promotes doing business processes and practices differently from the previous processes. This typology of change is useful to the BTS Company since it is on the verge of transforming its operations from the production of a large batch of wool and cotton textile into producing designer clothing. The change is aimed at increasing the product in-depth and improving customer services. Clearly, the company is trying to deviate from its previous operations to a new dimension of doing things. However, there is no obvious demand for the companys products in the foreign markets (Hayes, 2014, p. 111). By adopting the anticipatory change topology, BTS Company will improve its competitive advantage in the foreign markets as well as prepare itself for unpredictable problems that might affect its growth. Likewise, a discontinuous organization change in the company can also be achieved by applying the re-orientation approach. Considering that the company is planning to change its management structure as part of the proposed organizational changes is need to redefine its operations to survive in the foreign markets (Hayes, 2014, p. 74). Without the application of the re-orientation approach, the company would create a negative perception from the public. Therefore, anticipatory discontinuous change will ensure that the company aligns itself with the environmental forces in the market. By redefining its structure in line with the proposed changes, the company will achieve an effective level of productivity and profitability in the short and long run (Burke, 2013, p. 69). References List Burke, W. W., 2013. Organization Change: Theory and Practice. 4th ed. New York: SAGE Publications. Dailey, S. L. Browning, L., 2014. Retelling stories in organizations: Understanding the functions of narrative repetition. Academy of Management Review, 39(1), pp. 22-43. Gibbons, P., 2015. The Science of Successful Organizational Change: How Leaders Set Strategy, Change Behavior, and Create an Agile Culture. 2 ed. New Jersey: Pearson FT Press. Gulati, R., Tush, M. Henderson, R., 2015. Leading Sustainable Change: An Organizational Perspective. Chicago: Oxford University Press. Hayes, J., 2014. The theory and practice of change management. s.l.:Palgrave Macmillan. Investments, I., 2017. Indonesian News Headlines Today Latest News from Indonesia |Indonesia Investments. [Online] Available at: https://www.indonesia-investments.com/news/todays-headlines/item26 [Accessed 07 04 2017]. Knights, D. Willmott, H., 2012. Introducing organizational behavior and management. Andover, Hampshire, U.K: Cengage Learning EMEA. Kotter, J. P., 2012. Leading Change. 1R ed. Chicago: Harvard Business Review Press. Laloux, F. Wilber, K., 2014. Reinventing Organizations. 1st ed. New Jersey: Nelson Parker. Malhotra, N. Hinings, C., 2015. Unpacking Continuity and Change as a Process of Organizational Transformation. Long Range Planning., Volume 48, pp. 1-22. Mestrich, K., 2014. Since Bangladesh Factory Collapse, What Has Changed?. [Online] Available at: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/keith-mestrich/bangladesh-factory-collapse_b_5201208.html [Accessed 09 04 2017]. Palmer, I., Akin, G. Dunford, R., 2015. Managing Organizational Change. New York: Wiley. Parish, J., Cadwallader, S. Busch, P., 2008. Want to, Need to, Ought to: Employee Commitment to Organizational Change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(1). Reynolds, P., 2015. Workforce Management Essentials. London, UK: Sage. Whitehead, S., 2014. 5 Truths the Fast Fashion Industry Doesnt Want You to Know. [Online] Available at: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/shannon-whitehead/5-truths-the-fast-fashion_b_5690575.html [Accessed 08 04 2017].

World War II Essays (658 words) - Military History By Country

World War II World War II Before World War II broke out the world took a backseat ride during Hitlers rise to power. The entire world didnt think that he would become as influential as he became. Hitler achieved his power by relying on the navieness of the world to sit back and allow him to do as he pleased. The world was too concerned about political, economic and militant unrest to worry about a yelling German who thought we would rule the world. Before and during the war, the world was concerned about the economic system. Since ever since World War I, the world countries have been in and out of depressions, no one wanted another costly war. The United States, which was in the Greatest Depression of all, was deep engulfed in its isolationist policy. The US didnt want war, especially after the last one they fought with huge causalities and huge amounts of money spent. The citizens of the US didnt want another war because they knew that another war would cause another depression and that was something that the people didnt want. Even thought the war would create jobs, and put the economy back into a war boom, the American public didnt want to have to deal with the downsides of a war. The major downside being the huge economic toll it would take on the government, which would be fighting on two oceans on different sides of the world. It would become very costly to maintain war and win too. The world also had enormous political concerns. The US was in a period of isolationism and they wanted no part of anything else in the world, except the Western Hemisphere. With Germanys rise of Nazism, the world responded with fascist parties popping up in every nation across the world. Hitler has spread his beliefs into every county in the entire world, exactly what he wanted. These parties responded to every action that their leader took, they helped him scout out a specific country and infiltrate that countrys government. These parties believe in Hitler and did whatever he told them to do, including in the United States. After the countries realized Hitlers power they all formed different alliances. The Germans allied with Italy and Japan. The US allied with Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union. It seemed as though each day another country would sign up with either side. Sometimes, even, countries would agree not to fight each. The pre-war and during the war, militaries from all countries fought a war with superior equipment than in the last war. With the invention of the plane, tank, machine gun spread war supplies all over the globe and allowed each country to empower itself. The US prepared for war by passing a series of congressional acts that enabled the war budget to increase dramatically. These acts also allowed for the US to help other countries without actually engaging in the war. The US supplied Great Britain with supplies and ships without ever declaring war on Germany. Germanys invention of the Blitzkrieg they attacked nations and conquered them in single days. No nation had ever seen tactics like this before, and they worked for Hitler. Hitlers air force was the best in the world, he had the most planes with the best pilots. They were unstoppable. Japans increase in military power proved itself with the bombing of Pearl Harbor in December. Japan showed off its massive air force that dominated and destroyed the majority of the United States Navy fleet. World War II was a war that brought the world together. There wasnt a place on the earth were this war wasnt fought. There wasnt a place on this earth were people didnt take sides, whether with the Allies or the Axis powers. The war brought countries like the United States and the Soviet Union together. However, the war did bring mass destruction the Europe and the massive demise of the people hated by the Nazis. Hitler almost wiped out an entire race; however, he failed because the on dominance and perseverance of democracy upon the world.

Frankfurt Essays - Districts Of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Hesse-Nassau

Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, city in west central Germany, in Hessen, a port on the Main River. It is a major manufacturing, financial, commercial, and transportation center, served by rail lines and the Rhine-Main Airport, the most important in Germany. Manufactures include machinery, electrical equipment, chemicals (notably in the H?chst district), pharmaceuticals, motor vehicles, clothing, and printed materials. International trade fairs, including the world's largest annual book fair, are held in the city. Frankfurt is divided into an old town, or Altstadt, bordering the river, and a new town, or Neustadt, north of the older section. The old town, inhabited mainly by tradespeople and skilled artisans, retains many medieval characteristics. The new town contains the business quarter and the most important public buildings. A cluster of Gothic houses, the R?mer, was used as the town hall for nearly 500 years. It forms the nucleus of the R?merberg, a square flanked by medieval houses of various dates. Other places of interest are the Leinwandhaus, or linen drapers' hall, of the 14th century; the Eschenheimer Turm, a tower once part of the city's old fortifications; the palace of the princes of Thurn and Taxis, which was the meeting place of the diet of the German Confederation from 1816 to 1866; and the house (now a museum) where the German poet and writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe spent his youth. The diarist Anne Frank was born in Frankfurt. The outstanding church of Frankfurt is the Cathedral of Saint Bartholomew. It was constructed in the 13th century on the site of a 9th-century church and was the seat of the elections of emperors of the Holy Roman Empire and, after 1562, of the imperial coronations. Also notable are Saint Paul's Church (18th-19th century), where the Frankfurt Parliament, the first German national assembly, met from 1848 to 1849; Saint Leonard's Church (15th-16th century); and Saint Michael's Church (1953). Seven museums make up the Museum Embankment, a major construction project first planned in the late 1970s and completed only recently. The complex includes the Postal Museum and museums of applied arts, ethnography, cinema, architecture, sculpture, and European painting from the 14th century, as well as an art school and parks. Across the river but generally mentioned in conjunction with the embankment is the Jewish Museum. It was opened in 1988, on the 50th anniversary of Kristallnacht (German for ?Night of Broken Glass?), a night of anti-Jewish rioting instigated by the Nazi party, and is located in the palace of the House of Rothschild, the famous family of Jewish financiers. The museum depicts the history of Jews in Germany from the Middle Ages to the present and focuses on Frankfurt's Jewish ghetto. Also, the new Museum Judengasse (1992) displays preserved ruins of the Jewish ghetto as well. Another major museum in Frankfurt is the Senckenberg Museum, with a large collection on natural history, especially paleontology. The city also has a large zoo and a botanical garden and is the seat of a university (1914). Though the area was settled as early as the Stone Age, Frankfurt was probably established as a Roman settlement about the 1st century AD. In the late 8th century, it was referred to as Frankonovurd by Einhard, the biographer of Charlemagne. During Charlemagne's reign (800-814) a number of imperial councils were held in Frankfurt. The Golden Bull of 1356 established Frankfurt as the seat of the imperial elections, and it was made a free imperial city in 1372. About 1530 the city became an important stronghold of Protestantism. Upon the formation of the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806, Frankfurt became subordinate to the confederation. It regained the status of a free city in 1815, and it was the unofficial capital of the confederation until 1866. In the same year, during the Seven Weeks' War, Frankfurt was seized by Prussia. During World War II (1939-1945), the city was badly damaged by bombing, but it has since been rebuilt. In 1993 Frankfurt was chosen as the site of the European Monetary Institute, the European Union body that is the forerunner of the European Central Bank. Population (1997) 652,412. Bibliography: Encarta www.frankfurt.de

Cathode Definition and Identification Tips

Cathode Definition and Identification Tips The cathode is the electrode from which electrical current departs. The other electrode is named the anode. Keep in mind, the conventional definition of current describes the direction a positive electric charge moves, while most of the time electrons are true current carries. This can be confusing, so the mnenomic CCD for cathode current departs may help reinforce the definition. Usually, current departs in the direction opposite electron movement. The word cathode was coined in 1834 by William Whewell. It comes from the Greek word kathodos, which means way down or descent and refers to the setting sun. Michael Faraday had consulted Whewell for name ideas for a paper he was writing on electrolysis. Faraday explains electric current in an electrolytic cell moves through the electrolyte from East to West, or, which will strengthen to help the memory, that in which the sun appears to move. In an electrolytic cell, the current leaves the electrolyte on the west side (moving outward). Prior to this, Faraday had proposed the term exode, discarding dysiode, westode, and occiode. In Faradays time, the electron had not been discovered. In the modern era, one way to associate the name with current is to think of a cathode as the way down for electrons into a cell. Is the Cathode Positive or Negative? The polarity of the cathode with respect to the anode may be positive or negative. In an electrochemical cell, the  cathode is the electrode at which reduction occurs. Cations are attracted to the cathode. Generally, the cathode is the negative electrode in an electrolytic cell undergoing electrolysis or in a recharging battery. In a discharging battery or a galvanic cell, the cathode is the positive terminal. In this situation, positive ions move from the electrolyte toward the positive cathode, while electrons move inward toward the cathode. The movement of electrons towards the cathode (which carry a negative charge) means current departs from the cathode (positive charge). So, for the Daniell galvanic cell, the copper electrode is the cathode and the positive terminal. If current is reversed in a Daniell cell, an electrolytic cell is produced, and the copper electrode remains the positive terminal, yet becomes the anode. In a vacuum tube or cathode ray tube, the cathode is the negative terminal. This is where electrons enter the device and continue into the tube. A positive current flows out from the device. In a diode, the cathode is indicated by the pointed end of an arrow symbol. It is the negative terminal from which current flows. Even though current may flow in both directions through a diode, naming is always based on the direction in which current flows most easily. Mnemonics  to Remember the Cathode in Chemistry In addition to the CCD mnemonic, there are other mnemonics to help identify the cathode in chemistry: AnOx Red Cat stands for oxidation at the anode and reduction at the cathode.The words cathode and reduction both contain the letter c. Reduction occurs at the cathode.It may help to associate the cat in cation as acceptor and an in anion as donor. Related Terms In electrochemistry, the cathodic current describes the flow of electron from the cathode into solution. The anodic current is the flow of electrons from solution into the anode.

Surprises of The God of Surprises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Surprises of The God of Surprises - Essay Example The book is built around some of the cardinal pillars of traditional Christian spirituality. The aim of Christian spirituality is to establish an intimate partnership with God the Father, which encompasses the entire creation. Hughes analyses the spiritual malaise of the contemporary life and seeks to show the way to set it aright, drawing heavily on the Word of God and the perennial sources of traditional Christian spirituality whose relevance is undying and a valid tool for the moral reawakening of the sordid world of ours. interiority. There is a cleavage in our thinking, between the spiritual and temporal. This prevents us from achieving an integrated spiritual life. The book invites us to make a journey to our own inner self and there encounter God, the God of surprises. This encounter will integrate us to ourselves and to the world around and in the process, we will see how the creation is permeated with the all-encompassing touch of a benign Father. Through out the book Hughes seems to warn the danger of creating a God in our own image. The point that he reiterates in his work is the mystery of God's ways with the world and men. Some times God gives us the bread of adversity and the water of affliction. However to balance this view of God, Hughes has delineated the Prodigal Father. The chief delight of this Father is to share his everything in banquets to which all are invited. The invitees are not the best specimens of humanity, rather the poor, the cripple, the blind and in fact all who are interested in sharing His generosity. In the parable of the prodigal son, the father's prodigality towards the son who defamed the status of family in wasteful debauchery shocks the reader. To our prudent and well-measured dealing to others based on their merit and our future benefit from them, the God of surprises is foolishly lavish in his blessings, which is gratuitously given to all. The foolish prodigality of the God of surprises who leaves the ninety-nine to look for the one that is missing baffles our logic trained in the Aristotelian idea of virtue which is the choice of the golden mean avoiding extremes. Similarly the system of paying all who worked in the same measure at the end of the day, irrespective of the time they joined for duty, puzzles us who are used to time punching cards and attendance registers. Â  As we progress through the pages of The God of Surprises, the picture of God that looms large before us is that of a God who is more close to all of us than we can ever imagine in our wildest dreams. It is also a book of spiritual pilgrimage to discover the treasure hidden with in us. The book helps us to discern the unexpected ways in which God shows Himself. We see the image of God delivered to us by the stars and storms. Just like the Spiritual Exercises, the book is not meant for gulping at one sitting. The book can transform the person to enable him to surrender his will to the will of God, if relished in small meditative tonic dozes. Personal Reflections on The God of Surprises Gerard Hughes' The God of Surprises is one of the books worth reading a second or third time. The work of Holy Spirit is to renew the God's people constantly and to make them fit to fulfil the purpose for which God has made them.